12^th World Congress on Neuropharmacology June 29-30, 2020 Athens, Greece

Biography:

MS. SUCHI is an experienced International Pre School Principal/Manager who picked up Laughter exercises from many coaches around the world. She then designed ‘Laughter Therapy' which is being used  in many places such as hospitals and Senior Activity Centres. She provides individual and group therapy in educational and home settings. A former Manager / Trainer is now engages in building social awareness about Holistic approach for recovery. Be it Depression, Anxiety caused by physical or emotional pain, Death  in the family  and the harm the unhappiness brings to people, families and communities. Her aim is to encourage people to seek help early and get on the path to recovery. Her works has been featured in local press, TV and Radio and has been an invited speaker at various community clubs and educational  Institutions.  She has also been awarded by MINDS and various community clubs  in recognition of her social work.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: There is a lack of awareness about what happy hormones are , how to use positive words to feel energetic and what can be done to get happy hormones. People tend to feel unhappy for multiple reasons and neuropathic pain adds on Stress levels of not only the patient but the caregivers as well. Being in pain leads to feeling depressed and anxious  in some cases.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 

Review of Books and Research shows that getting a dosage of happy  hormones will not only ease slight  pain of the patient but  feeling happy will also have a positive impact on the recovery of the patient. Adopting  Laughter therapy and getting hormones which makes one feel good will help many to recover from Neuropathic pain  /Long term sadness caused by having  grief ,Anger or Resentment, Depression & Anxiety.

Findings: One needs to work on his/her energies using Laughter Therapy which is a  positive approach for not having Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain . The therapy can be used as a Holistic way to  recovery. 

Conclusion & Significance: The Laughter therapy which includes ways to get the dosage of happy hormones promotes overcoming Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain ,is  a fun way to manage pain.  Repeated sessions to be conducted to remind patients that  life while having pain or during the recovery should go beyond just seeking medical and counselling help and also include rebuilding Spiritual, Physical, Emotional, Relational and Mental health. The model has been put together from for testing in many settings including hospitals ,elderly homes and senior citizen centres.  This is not a research book or paper. It is just an effort to demystify the help available for Depression & Anxiety caused by pain. It is an attempt to motivate and encourage people to seek help and take a simple approach to remember and work on all aspects of their recovery.

Biography:

MS. SUCHI is an experienced International Pre School Principal/Manager who picked up Laughter exercises from many coaches around the world. She then designed ‘Laughter Therapy' which is being used  in many places such as hospitals and Senior Activity Centres. She provides individual and group therapy in educational and home settings. A former Manager / Trainer is now engages in building social awareness about Holistic approach for recovery. Be it Depression, Anxiety caused by physical or emotional pain, Death  in the family  and the harm the unhappiness brings to people, families and communities. Her aim is to encourage people to seek help early and get on the path to recovery. Her works has been featured in local press, TV and Radio and has been an invited speaker at various community clubs and educational  Institutions.  She has also been awarded by MINDS and various community clubs  in recognition of her social work.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: There is a lack of awareness about what happy hormones are , how to use positive words to feel energetic and what can be done to get happy hormones. People tend to feel unhappy for multiple reasons and neuropathic pain adds on Stress levels of not only the patient but the caregivers as well. Being in pain leads to feeling depressed and anxious  in some cases.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 

Review of Books and Research shows that getting a dosage of happy  hormones will not only ease slight  pain of the patient but  feeling happy will also have a positive impact on the recovery of the patient. Adopting  Laughter therapy and getting hormones which makes one feel good will help many to recover from Neuropathic pain  /Long term sadness caused by having  grief ,Anger or Resentment, Depression & Anxiety.

Findings: One needs to work on his/her energies using Laughter Therapy which is a  positive approach for not having Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain . The therapy can be used as a Holistic way to  recovery. 

Conclusion & Significance: The Laughter therapy which includes ways to get the dosage of happy hormones promotes overcoming Depression & Anxiety caused by Neuropathic pain ,is  a fun way to manage pain.  Repeated sessions to be conducted to remind patients that  life while having pain or during the recovery should go beyond just seeking medical and counselling help and also include rebuilding Spiritual, Physical, Emotional, Relational and Mental health. The model has been put together from for testing in many settings including hospitals ,elderly homes and senior citizen centres.  This is not a research book or paper. It is just an effort to demystify the help available for Depression & Anxiety caused by pain. It is an attempt to motivate and encourage people to seek help and take a simple approach to remember and work on all aspects of their recovery.

Biography:

Ramin Ataee has received PhD in pharmacoloy from Tehran Uninversity of Medical Sciences in 2009. He has worked at Researcher of Institute Pasteur, Amol Branch 2000-2012.  He is an assistant professor of pharmacology MUMS 2012. He has received 6 months scholarship QIMR, Brisbane Australia 2009. He is in editorial board of sciafrijournal, Editorial board of International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS) He has p ublished 46 articles and 2 books. He is a member of Iranian pharmacy council, Iranian Medical council and Australian Society of Medical research (ASMR). His fields of research focuses on cancer pharmacology, neuro-pharmacology, herbal medicine researches and diabetes.

Abstract:

Background and Aim : Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorderwhich affecting the senile population with manifestation of motor disability and cognitiveimpairment.Sambucus ebulus is a plant with traditional uses which might confer neuroprotective effectsmost probably according to its anti-oxidative stress activity but there are no studies around its role inParkinson diseases so far. Hence, this study has aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of totalextract of fruits and aerial parts of Sambucus ebulus in a neurotoxin-induced model of Parkinson.

Methods : In vitro model of Parkinson disease has generated by exposing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cellsto neurotoxin: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) 100μM/well.Total extract of fruits and aerial parts of Sambucus ebulus extracted by tow solvents of methanol and ethyl- acetate by maceration method.Cytotprotective effect of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts in five concentrations on cell viability byusing MTT assay. Apoptotic assay was done with route of Annexin V-propidium iodide method by flowcytometry

Results : According to MTT assay analysis,both methanol and ethyl acetate extracts have shown protective effect against 6-OHDA induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells especially atconcentrations of 30 and 60 μg/ml P<0.05 but apoptetic analysis has shown at IC50 Conct, onlymethanolic extract of the heeb had anti-apoptic effect P<0.05.

Conclusion: We can introduce aerial parts of sumbacus ebulus extract as a cytoprotective co-trearmentin Parkinson disease but compelementary studies especially in in vivo and clinical trials are necessary.

Keywords: Sambucus ebulus, Apoptosis, SH-SY5Y, 6-OHDA, Neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’sdisease, Neuroprotection

Biography:

Dario Furnari is Ph.d. in Applied Biomedical Sciences in the neuroscience and traumatology and neuropharmacology sector.

Abstract:

The penisone of the manychannels for transformingthoughtsintowrittenwords. Handwritingactsas a "memorypropeller". For example, whenyou are at the supermarket, the simpleact of writingkeeps the productsyoureallyneed in yourmind; or whensomeoneatschoolwas a shrewdknowsthatveryoftentherewas no need to use the sheetspreparedbefore a classassignment to copy becausetheyrememberedeverythingthatwaswritten. Thismemorywouldhavefailedif the ticket to copy hadbeenwritten or bettertyped on the keyboard. The lattercharacterizes the work of manypeople and yet, eventoday, childrenmaketheir first experiences of writing with a pen or pencil. Butisitreally out of fashion? Todaywehave the opportunity to writeourthoughts in other ways, "keyboard, tablet, touch screen", and even the signature, once the test par excellence of ouridentity, isfaced with the competition of our " Fingerprints". Indeed, in some American schools the writing, replaced by the PC, is no longerincluded in the didacticplans; according to some scientists and promoters of thisevent, thismethodwould facilitate children'slearning and improvecreativity.

So, what can we do? Fortunately, we come to the real "scientificresearch" based on realscientificprotocols for the progress of science and not for some advertising promotion.

A team of researcherscoordinated by the Psychologist Sandra Sulzenbruck of the LeibnizInstitute in Dortmund hypothesizesthathandwritingfacilitates and stimulates "fine motorskills". The researchconsists of a comparison with some right-handedpeoplewhowrite a lot with the keyboard and other right-handedpeoplewhoinsteadmakemuch use of paper and pen. Bothgroupswereasked to carry out a battery of skilltests, changing the use of the hand.

Researchhasshownthat "technology" takeslonger to do the exercisesbutonlywhenthey use the right; itisevidentthattheseindividuals are notused to a precise coordination of movements.

The mostseriouseffect, however, concernsaboveall the cognitive sphere. According to the French neuro-scientistMariekeLongcam, bothchildren and adultsfinditeasier to learn new signs of writing, or a new language, whentheyreproducethem "by hand" instead of the PC.

During the experiment some participantspracticedwriting the letters by hand, the others with a special keyboard. After the trial, afterseveral weeks, the researchersverified the successes of learning; result: thosewhohadwrittenfreehandweremuchbetter, astheywereable to distinguish with greaterprecision the graphicgestures, learned in the previouslesson, from othersimilarbutreversedcharacters.

In ouralphabet the reversedletters are the "b - d - p - q"; and itisprecisely on theselettersthatchildrenencountertheirowndifficultiesespeciallyifthey are dyslexic. Alsowritetheseletters to one

keyboarddoesnotchangeanything from the motorpoint of view; sinceeverygraphicsign, for example take the "s", has a particularmovement of the body, different from the act of typing on a keyboard.

From the neurophysiologicalpoint of view, usingfMRI (functionalmagneticresonanceimaging) itispossible to visualize the graphs of brain activity.

Still in the experiment, eachparticipantwhohadtried to writegraphicsigns by hand, hadmemorizedcertainmovementsassociated with eachgraph-motorsign. Whentheytried to remember, the tomographshowed an increase in neuronalactivity in the leftBroca area, in the anteriorintraparietal area and in the leftpremotordorsalcortex; allareasdedicated to the mentaldevelopment of an action. Thus, increasedmotorinvolvementimpliesbetter "synapticplasticity" on learning, a more stable connection in memory and a betterrepetition of information.

Now, whenwas the last time youused the pen? Would Manzoni or Dante havewrittentheirworksanywayiftheyhadhad a personal computer available?

Thinkpeoplethink.

Biography:

Dario Furnari is Ph.d. in Applied Biomedical Sciences in the neuroscience and traumatology and neuropharmacology sector.

Abstract:

Aging (or senescence) isthatperiod of life, characterized by a series of progressive irreversiblechangesaffecting the cells, tissues and organs, therefore of the wholeorganism, whichbeginwhenthis, once developmentis complete, hasreached aadulthood, and continue to manifestthemselves, culminating in death, whichoccursas a consequence of them and not by the intervention of externalfactors.
Gerontologyis the biological discipline thatstudiesthisprocess, which can be consideredbothphysiological, becauseitisnormallypresent in the life span, and pathologicalbecauseitcausesdisturbances.
The senile alterations, found in manyorgans are quitedistinct from the pathologiesaffecting the elderly; the branch of medicine, calledGeriatrics, deals with the study of thesewhoseappearanceiscertainlyfacilitated by the modificationscaused by aging.Lifespan:Thereduction in life spanseems to always be due to a greater production of free radicals (definedas ROS = ReactiveOxygenSubstances).
In reality, a certainamount of ROS isphysiologicallyformed in the body'scells, hence the excessive production of these or theirpoorelimination, hasbeenconsideredone of the mostsignificantcauses of aging due to the factthatthese free radicalsinteract withnucleicacids, proteins and lipids, alteringthemstructurally and functionally.the onlycellsthat can have a maximum life spanequal to that of the organism to whichtheybelong are perennial or post mitoticcells (neurons and musclecells), thatis, thosewithout replicative activity.
Certainlynotallperennialcells live as long as the organism, aswelldemonstrated by the factthat the weight of the human brain, whichis 1500 g at the age of 30, decreases on average to 1390 g at the age of 90 years due to the programmeddeaththataffects a large number of neurons.
Itiscurrentlyestablishedthat labile and stablecellsafterhavingperformed a certainnumber of mitoses in the culture medium, experienceagingphenomena, which prelude to death by apoptosis.
"In vivo" the mostimportantcellularchangesthatoccur in senescenceconsist in hypotrophy, whichismainlyreflected in the reduction of musclemasses, and in the accumulation inside the cells and also in the intercellularspaces of harmfulmaterials: lipofucsins, substanceamyeloid and metals.Physiologicalfunctions in general improve from birth to 30 years of age, then a declinebegins, variablebetween the variousfunctions, whichiscloselylinked to lifestyle.
Amongthesefunctions the mostimportant:
Musclestrength
Nervousfunction
Respiratoryfunction
Cardiovascularfunction
Bone mass

Normallythereis a continuousremodeling of the motorunits, in particularat the level of the neuromuscularplaque. The remodelingprocessinvolvesatrophy and thereforeeffectivedenervation on the onehand, butat the same time, the development of new axonicterminals. With age, the denervationmechanismprevails over the regenerativeone, whichinducesmuscleatrophy with irreversiblealterations, in particular for type II musclefibers.
The reduction in muscle mass and strengththereforeresults from the association of twofactors, on the onehand the atrophy of musclecells and on the other the reduction of dailyactivity.
Itisproventhat in elderlysubjects a regular musclestrengtheningactivitypromotesproteinanabolism and slows down the inevitablereduction in muscle mass and strength.
Resultsdemonstrate a greatability to respond to the training stimulusalso in elderlypeople, whichinvolvesprocesses of synthesis and neuromotorplasticityeven in 80-year-old subjects.The cumulative effects of aging of the centralnervoussystem are linked to a 37% reduction in the number of spinalnervefibers and a 10% reduction in the speed of conduction of excitementalong the fibers.
The execution time of relativelycomplexmovementsisgreater in elderlysubjectsthan in youngpeople, with the samedailyphysicalactivity.
Observationssuggestthatmaintaining a physicallyactivelifestylefacilitatesgoodpreservation of neuromuscularfunction.Osteoporosisrepresents the mainproblem of aging, especially in womenafter menopause.The picture of osteoporosisinvolves the progressive demineralization of the boneswhichthereforebecomevery fragile.For people over 60, the reduction in bone mass can be 30-50%.
Weight lifting can counteractthisphenomenon.

Biography:

Dario Furnari is Ph.d. in Applied Biomedical Sciences in the neuroscience and traumatology and neuropharmacology sector.

Abstract:

Aging (or senescence) isthatperiod of life, characterized by a series of progressive irreversiblechangesaffecting the cells, tissues and organs, therefore of the wholeorganism, whichbeginwhenthis, once developmentis complete, hasreached aadulthood, and continue to manifestthemselves, culminating in death, whichoccursas a consequence of them and not by the intervention of externalfactors.
Gerontologyis the biological discipline thatstudiesthisprocess, which can be consideredbothphysiological, becauseitisnormallypresent in the life span, and pathologicalbecauseitcausesdisturbances.
The senile alterations, found in manyorgans are quitedistinct from the pathologiesaffecting the elderly; the branch of medicine, calledGeriatrics, deals with the study of thesewhoseappearanceiscertainlyfacilitated by the modificationscaused by aging.Lifespan:Thereduction in life spanseems to always be due to a greater production of free radicals (definedas ROS = ReactiveOxygenSubstances).
In reality, a certainamount of ROS isphysiologicallyformed in the body'scells, hence the excessive production of these or theirpoorelimination, hasbeenconsideredone of the mostsignificantcauses of aging due to the factthatthese free radicalsinteract withnucleicacids, proteins and lipids, alteringthemstructurally and functionally.the onlycellsthat can have a maximum life spanequal to that of the organism to whichtheybelong are perennial or post mitoticcells (neurons and musclecells), thatis, thosewithout replicative activity.
Certainlynotallperennialcells live as long as the organism, aswelldemonstrated by the factthat the weight of the human brain, whichis 1500 g at the age of 30, decreases on average to 1390 g at the age of 90 years due to the programmeddeaththataffects a large number of neurons.
Itiscurrentlyestablishedthat labile and stablecellsafterhavingperformed a certainnumber of mitoses in the culture medium, experienceagingphenomena, which prelude to death by apoptosis.
"In vivo" the mostimportantcellularchangesthatoccur in senescenceconsist in hypotrophy, whichismainlyreflected in the reduction of musclemasses, and in the accumulation inside the cells and also in the intercellularspaces of harmfulmaterials: lipofucsins, substanceamyeloid and metals.Physiologicalfunctions in general improve from birth to 30 years of age, then a declinebegins, variablebetween the variousfunctions, whichiscloselylinked to lifestyle.
Amongthesefunctions the mostimportant:
Musclestrength
Nervousfunction
Respiratoryfunction
Cardiovascularfunction
Bone mass

Normallythereis a continuousremodeling of the motorunits, in particularat the level of the neuromuscularplaque. The remodelingprocessinvolvesatrophy and thereforeeffectivedenervation on the onehand, butat the same time, the development of new axonicterminals. With age, the denervationmechanismprevails over the regenerativeone, whichinducesmuscleatrophy with irreversiblealterations, in particular for type II musclefibers.
The reduction in muscle mass and strengththereforeresults from the association of twofactors, on the onehand the atrophy of musclecells and on the other the reduction of dailyactivity.
Itisproventhat in elderlysubjects a regular musclestrengtheningactivitypromotesproteinanabolism and slows down the inevitablereduction in muscle mass and strength.
Resultsdemonstrate a greatability to respond to the training stimulusalso in elderlypeople, whichinvolvesprocesses of synthesis and neuromotorplasticityeven in 80-year-old subjects.The cumulative effects of aging of the centralnervoussystem are linked to a 37% reduction in the number of spinalnervefibers and a 10% reduction in the speed of conduction of excitementalong the fibers.
The execution time of relativelycomplexmovementsisgreater in elderlysubjectsthan in youngpeople, with the samedailyphysicalactivity.
Observationssuggestthatmaintaining a physicallyactivelifestylefacilitatesgoodpreservation of neuromuscularfunction.Osteoporosisrepresents the mainproblem of aging, especially in womenafter menopause.The picture of osteoporosisinvolves the progressive demineralization of the boneswhichthereforebecomevery fragile.For people over 60, the reduction in bone mass can be 30-50%.
Weight lifting can counteractthisphenomenon.

Biography:

Eden Arazi had completed her master degree in Immunology at the HebrewUniversity, Israel, and worked for many years atseveral Israeli Biotech companies. Eden is currently in the last year of  her PhD studies in Electrophysiology at the Ben-Gurion University, Israel.

Abstract:

            K_2P potassium channelsdisplay constant conductance in the physiological membrane potential range and their activity is highly regulated by both chemical and physical modulators. K_2P channels' activity affects numerous physiological processes such as cardiac function, pain perception, depression, neuroprotection and cancer development. Terpenes are a large family of compounds, mostly produced in plants. Several monoterpenes were found to affect the activity of a variety of ion channels. To date, the effect of terpenes on K_2P channels has not been studied. Human K_2P channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and currents were measured using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Channels' activity was found to be highly affected by monoterpenes. The currents of K_2P2.1, and other mechanosensitive K_2P channels, were enhanced several fold by carvacrol, thymol and menthol. K_2P2.1 currents were decreased twofold by eugenol. The effect of monoterpenes was not limited to the known stretch-activated K_2P channels, as K_2P5.1 and K_2P18.1 currents were also elevated by up to 15- foldbycarvacrol. Currents of K_2P3.1 and K_2P9.1 were twofold decreased by the same substance. Cinnamaldehyde elevated K_2P5.1 currents, but decreased K_2P18.1 currents. The influence on K_2P2.1 currents was indifferent to the phosphorylation state of the channel, andwasmediated by a novel domain at the C-terminus, which contains a three arginines sequence.Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that terpenes might serve as powerful modulators of K_2P channels, and that the mechanism of action involves the C-terminus regulatory domain.

Biography:

Abstract:

Glutamate (GLU) binding to neurons can cause dynamic changes in intracellular calcium. We tested effects of a 3-group submaximal glutamate stimulus (250, 500 and 750 nanomolar GLU in randomized orders) on neurons in culture, and measured intracellular calcium dynamics in cultures high and low in glia at 8 and 9 days in vitro. Gliadepleted cultures responded to increasing GLU with synchronized dynamics, leading to a greater “area under the curve” (AUC) for intracellular calcium over time. The AUC determined if the neuron would respond dynamically to the next addition of glutamate. This observation was not displayed within cultures high in glia, where AUC returned to baseline with every GLU addition, regardless of order of addition. Furthermore, the 3-group stimulus resulted in decreasing average AUC, regardless of order. In contrast, for cultures depleted of glia, the deciding factor of a responding cell to dynamically respond to GLU additions depended on the ability of the cell to distribute the calcium load (AUC) of the prior addition. Determining how neurons respond and behave such as in the presence of functional or dysfunctional glia, may help our understanding of signal processing in the brain.