Neuropharmacology

Biography

Biography: Maria Alexandra Brito

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface between blood and brain that strictly controls the exchange of molecules between peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS), thus playing a key role in brain homeostasis and in its protection against toxic compounds and pathogenic agents. The unique properties of brain capillaries are determined by complex interactions between brain microvascular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, the pericytes and astrocyte feet, also involving neurons and microglia that altogether form the neurovascular unit. The emerging role of the BBB in the progression of brain disorders will be presented, based on our own studies focused on neonatal jaundice, the most common clinical condition of the neonatal period, as well as on Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent age-associated neurologic disorder. Based on in vitro and ex vivo studies, evidence will be provided that behind neural and glial dysfunction there are marked alterations of brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes, as well as of the basement membrane, that collectively contribute to disruption of BBB properties. Collected data suggest that the “neurocentric” view should give place to a broader view including the “neuro-glio-vascular triad” in order to consider the several intervenients in the pathogenesis of these pathologies so common in the neonatal and elderly periods of life.